@article{Awan,_Bhatti_Fakhr_Awan_Fiyyaz_2018, title={FREQUENCY OF UROLOGICAL CARCINOMAS PRESENTING AS GROSS HAEMATURIA IN PUNJAB PAKISTAN AND RECOMMENDATION FOR ITS EARLY DIAGNOSIS: Urological Carcinomas Presenting As Gross Haematuria}, volume={68}, url={https://www.pafmj.org/PAFMJ/article/view/1465}, abstractNote={<p><em><strong>Objective:</strong></em> To determine the frequency of various causes of gross Haematuria presenting in our hospital and<br>recommend a working protocol to young doctors.<br><em><strong>Study Design</strong></em>: Prospective descriptive study.<br><em><strong>Place and Duration of Study</strong></em>: Urology Department, District Headquarter and Teaching Hospital, Sargodha<br>Medical College, from Mar 2012 to Mar 2014.<br><em><strong>Material and Method</strong></em>: All fresh patients reporting to the hospital with complaints of ‘blood in urine’ were<br>included in the study, while patients presenting with Microscopic haematuria were excluded. The patients, after being managed by the urology registrar, were given a questionnaire to fill, assisted by a resident, a reference number allotted for follow-up. A request for urine routine examination and urine microscopy/cytology was made to confirm haematuria and exclude malignant cells. Followed by ultrasound, X-Ray KUB, cystoscopy and IVU/CTU scan, as required. The results obtained were recorded and analyzed.<br><em><strong>Results:</strong></em> A total of 391 patients presented with complaints of ‘blood in urine’. Trauma: was the most frequent<br>cause seen in 21.7% (n=85), followed by Urinary tract infections (21.0%, n=82), Urolithasis (20.2%, n=79) and<br>Urological tumors seen 19.4% (n=76) cases. About two thirds of the patients (56.6%, n=43) with urological tumors were not investigated, at primary health care level, to ascertain the cause and presented with advanced disease.<br><em><strong>Conclusion</strong></em>: General practitioners should be encouraged to request ultrasound scan for patients presenting with gross haematuria, as urothelial tumours, if detected early, can be managed effectively with better long term outcome.<br><br></p>}, number={2}, journal={Pakistan Armed Forces Medical Journal}, author={Awan, Saif Ud Din and Bhatti, Ahmad Nawaz and Fakhr, Amer and Awan, Ayesha Noureen and Fiyyaz, Hina}, year={2018}, month={Apr.}, pages={363–68} }