Effectiveness of Typhoid Conjugate Vaccination in Preventing Culture-Confirmed Typhoid Fever

Rabia  Khalid; Muzammil  Ghafoor; Hasham  Khan; Amjad  Iqbal

doi:10.51253/pafmj.v76i4.12595

Authors

Rabia Khalid Department of Pediatric, Combined Military Hospital Abbottabad/National University of Medical Sciences (NUMS) Pakistan
Muzammil Ghafoor Department of Pediatric, Combined Military Hospital Bannu/National University of Medical Sciences (NUMS) Pakistan
Hasham Khan Department of Pediatric, Combined Military Hospital Abbottabad/National University of Medical Sciences (NUMS) Pakistan
Amjad Iqbal Department of Pediatric, Combined Military Hospital Abbottabad/National University of Medical Sciences (NUMS) Pakistan

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.51253/pafmj.v76i4.12595

Keywords:

Typhoid, vaccine,

Abstract

Objective: To compare the effectiveness of Typhoid conjugate vaccine against culture-confirmed typhoid fever.

Study Design: Prospective analytical study.

Place and Duration of Study: Pediatric Department, Combined Military Hospital, Abbottabad Pakistan, July 2023 to Feb 2024.

Methodology: Pediatric age group patients from 2-12 years diagnosed with cases of typhoid fever were included in the study. Demographics, history of vaccination, presenting complaints, systemic exam findings, infective markers, and culture reports were recorded.

Results: A total of 75 children with a diagnosis of typhoid fever were included in the study. The mean age recorded was 8.07±2.38 years with a male predominance of 54(72.0%) as compared to 21(28.0%) females. 43(57.3%) of the children were vaccinated, and the most common presenting symptom was fever in 70(93.3%) patients. Deranged platelets were the most common finding with a frequency of 54(72.0%). Negative culture was observed in 19(44.2%) vaccinated patients as compared to 03(9.4%) in unvaccinated children (p<0.01). In unvaccinated children, positive blood cultures revealed that MDR pathogen strains were most common as compared to non-resistant strains in vaccinated children.

Conclusion: Vaccination against typhoid promotes significant protection against culture-proven typhoid fever. Protection against MDR strains makes typhoid vaccination a suitable choice to decrease the incidence of typhoid fever.

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