Determination of Pre-Transplant Mean Counts of CD 28 Negative T Lymphocytes in Early Acute Rejectors and Non - Rejectors of Renal Allograft

Muhammad Aftab Hassan; Hamid Nawaz  Tipu; Muhammad Omair  Riaz; Sara Waqar Khan; Mustajab  Alam

doi:10.51253/pafmj.v76iSUPPL-1.13321

Authors

Muhammad Aftab Hassan Department of Immunology, Armed Forces Institute of Pathology, Rawalpindi/National University of Medical Sciences (NUMS) Pakistan
Hamid Nawaz Tipu Department of Immunology, Armed Forces Institute of Pathology, Rawalpindi/National University of Medical Sciences (NUMS) Pakistan
Muhammad Omair Riaz Department of Immunology, Armed Forces Institute of Pathology, Rawalpindi/National University of Medical Sciences (NUMS) Pakistan
Sara Waqar Khan Department of Immunology, Armed Forces Institute of Pathology, Rawalpindi/National University of Medical Sciences (NUMS) Pakistan
Mustajab Alam Department of Immunology, Armed Forces Institute of Pathology, Rawalpindi/National University of Medical Sciences (NUMS) Pakistan

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.51253/pafmj.v76iSUPPL-1.13321

Keywords:

Graft rejection, Kidney transplantation, Renal replacement therapy, Transplantation immunology

Abstract

Objective: To determine pre-transplant mean counts of CD 28 negative T lymphocytes in early acute rejectors and non rejectors of renal allograft.

Study Design: Prospective longitudinal study.

Place and Duration: Department of Immunology, Armed Forces Institute of Pathology Rawalpindi, Pakistan from Nov 2023 to July 2024.

Methodology: The study population included 45, ABO compatible, Human leukocyte antigens matched patients undergoing living-donor kidney transplantation. Expression of CD 28 on T lymphocytes was detected by flowcytometry. After 3 months of transplantation those who had normal renal function test were included in the non-rejectors group and those who had biopsy proven rejection were included in the rejectors group. Independent samples t-tests were used to compare mean cell counts between rejectors and non-rejectors, with a p-value <0.05 considered statistically significant.

Results: Mean counts (cells/ ul) and percentages of CD 28 positive and negative T cells were determined. Within three months of transplant, 13.3% (6 patients) of the participants developed early acute rejection, and the mean age of rejectors was significantly lower (27.50±10.07 years) than those of non-rejectors (38.7±10.27 years; p=0.017). The percentage of CD 3+ CD 28⁻T lymphocytes was significantly lower in rejectors (21.1±2.8%) compared to non-rejectors (25.2±8.2%), with a statistically significant difference (p=0.02).

Conclusion: In this study, renal transplant recipients with high numbers of 28 negative T cells had lower incidence of early acute rejection. This knowledge may be used to guide further studies to evaluate the role of CD 28 as predictive marker in renal transplant.

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