Risk Factors of Hypoglycemia Among Type 2 Diabetics Admitted in a Tertiary Care Hospital of Rawalpindi

Muhammad Shafeh Shehzad; Fuad Ahmad Siddiqi; Imran Khan; Fawad Rehman; Shahzad  Ashraf; Amna Ashraf

doi:10.51253/pafmj.v76i5.13382

Authors

Muhammad Shafeh Shehzad Department of Medicine, Combined Military Hospital, Rawalpindi/National University of Medical Sciences (NUMS) Pakistan
Fuad Ahmad Siddiqi Department of Medicine, Combined Military Hospital, Rawalpindi/National University of Medical Sciences (NUMS) Pakistan
Imran Khan Department of Medicine, Combined Military Hospital, Rawalpindi/National University of Medical Sciences (NUMS) Pakistan
Fawad Rehman Department of Medicine, Combined Military Hospital, Rawalpindi/National University of Medical Sciences (NUMS) Pakistan
Shahzad Ashraf Department of Medicine, Combined Military Hospital, Rawalpindi/National University of Medical Sciences (NUMS) Pakistan
Amna Ashraf Department of Medicine, Combined Military Hospital, Rawalpindi/National University of Medical Sciences (NUMS) Pakistan

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.51253/pafmj.v76i5.13382

Keywords:

Diabetic Foot, Diabetes Mellitus, Hypoglycemia, Infection, Risk Factors, Tertiary Healthcare

Abstract

Objective: To determine risk factors associated with hypoglycemia among hospitalized patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus admitted in a tertiary care hospital of Rawalpindi.

Study Design: Case-control study.

Place and Duration of Study: Combined Military Hospital Rawalpindi, Pakistan, from Sep 2023 to Aug 2024.

Methodology: A total of 300 patients participated in the study. They were divided into two groups: Group-A (Hypoglycemia group, n=150) and Group-B (non-hypoglycemia group, n=150). Inclusion criteria were patients of at least 18 years of age with type 2 diabetes mellitus admitted in hospital for three or more days. Exclusion criteria included type 1 diabetes, gestational diabetes, and diabetic emergencies. Demographics, clinical, treatment related and nutritional variables were assessed using a structured data collection protocol to identify the risk factors.

Results: Among 300 patients (150 Group-A; 150 Group-B), baseline age, Body Mass Index, glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), and creatinine were comparable. Multivariate analysis identified four independent predictors of hypoglycemia: ICU admission (AOR 6.68, 95% CI 1.89–23.65, p=0.003), diabetic foot (AOR 7.98, 95% CI 3.14–20.28, p<0.001), infection on admission (AOR 3.54, 95% CI 1.85–6.78, p<0.001), and NPO status (AOR 14.16, 95% CI 3.94–50.90, p<0.001).

Conclusion: Risk factors of hypoglycemia among admitted patients of diabetes mellitus emphasizes the need for monitoring high-risk patients to improve clinical outcomes.

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