Comparison of Renal Doppler Indices in Normal Kidney and in Diabetic Nephropath

Aimen Luqman; Maryam Iqbal; Hussain Rashid  Ihsan; Atif Latif; Nosheen Sadiq

doi:10.51253/pafmj.v76i5.13983

Authors

Aimen Luqman Department of Radiology, Combined Military Hospital Multan/National University of Medical Sciences (NUMS) Pakistan
Maryam Iqbal Department of Radiology, Combined Military Hospital Multan/National University of Medical Sciences (NUMS) Pakistan
Hussain Rashid Ihsan Department of Radiology, Combined Military Hospital Multan/National University of Medical Sciences (NUMS) Pakistan
Atif Latif Department of Radiology, Combined Military Hospital Multan/National University of Medical Sciences (NUMS) Pakistan
Nosheen Sadiq Department of Radiology, Combined Military Hospital Multan/National University of Medical Sciences (NUMS) Pakistan

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.51253/pafmj.v76i5.13983

Keywords:

Diabetes Mellitus, Diabetic Nephropathy, Microalbuminuria, Renal-Aortic Ratio, Renal Indices, Renal Resistive Index.

Abstract

Objective: To assess and compare renal Doppler indices in normal and diabetic nephropathic kidneys to facilitate early diagnosis and intervention in diabetic nephropathy.

Study Design: Comparative Cross-sectional Study.

Place and Duration of Study: Department of Radiology, Combined Military Hospital, Multan Pakistan, from Jan to Sept 2025.

Methodology: Patients within the age range of 35 to 70 years with diagnosed diabetes mellitus for at least 10 years, referred for renal ultrasound as well as non-diabetic, normotensive patients of same age serving as controls were included in study. All individual were kept in two groups in a 2:1 ratio with Diabetic patients in Group-A, while non-diabetic, normotensive in Group-B (controls). Resistive Index (RI) and Renal-Aortic Ratio (R-AR) were recorded by Doppler ultrasound in both groups. ROC curve calculated with AUC value for differentiating diabetic Nephropathic kidney from normal kidney using RI and R-Ar as measures of diagnostic accuracy.

Results: Two hundred and forty six patients participated in this study, comprising 164 patients with diabetes and 82 non-diabetic patients with median age of 56.00(15.00) and 53.50(17.00) years respectively (p=0.162). Diabetic patients had significantly higher RI median 0.71(0.17) compared to control group 0.54(0.09) (p<0.001). Similarly, R-Ar was significantly elevated in diabetic patients 3.45(0.48) compared to controls 3.11(0.60) (p<0.001). The optimal RI cut-off value 0.635 provided sensitivity (72.6%), specificity (90.2%), PPV (93.7%), and NPV of 62.2%. The optimal R-AR cut-off 3.215, demonstrated sensitivity (79.9%), specificity (72.2%), PPV (85.1%), and NPV (64.1%).

Conclusion: Overall results indicated renal Doppler indices were significantly elevated in diabetic patient

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