Association of Major Leuk emias with Different Age Groups

Abstract

Objective: To determine the association between major leukemias and age and assess differences with respect to gender, cytogenetics and hematological parameters among patients presenting at a tertiary care hospital.

Study Design: Cross sectional study.

Place and Duration of Study: Medical Oncology Department, Jinnah Postgraduate Medical Center, Karachi, Pakistan from Oct 2019 to Mar 2020.

Methodology: Two hundred and three patients of either gender >14 years presenting with confirmed diagnosis of acute or chronic leukemia based on bone marrow biopsy and immunophenotyping were enrolled in the study. Data regarding sociodemographics, duration of disease, family history, co-morbids and hematological parameters were collected.

Results: The mean age of the study sample was estimated as 35.46±15.14 years ranging from 14-85 years. Out of 203 patients, 69(34%) of the patients had Acute Myeloid Leukemia, 55(27.1%) had Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia, 61(30%) had Chronic Myeloid Leukemia and 18(8.9%) had Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia. AML and ALL are the most frequent leukemias in the age group 19-50 years while CML and CLL more frequently presented in the age group 31-50 years. No case of CLL has been reported in age less than 31 years. Overall, statistically significant difference was observed between age and types of leukemia (p<0.05). Significant association was found between age and leukemia types among males (p<0.05), normal cytogenetics, hyperdiploidy and t (9;22) (p<0.05) and hematological parameters (p<0.05.

Conclusion: In conclusion, statistically significant association was observed between age and types of leukemia. Further more significant association was also found between age and leukemia types among males.